SERVQUAL Model
SERVQUAL or Service
Quality is an approach to manage the business processes so as to ensure full
satisfaction of the customers by providing high-quality services. It is a
framework developed by Zeithaml, Parasuraman & Berry in the eighties,
aiming at measuring the scale of quality in service sectors.
SERVQUAL was originally
measured on 10 aspects of service quality and later on reduced to 5 to measure
the gap between customer expectations and experience. These gaps are caused by various factors like
not knowing the customer’s expectations, using the wrong service quality
standards, service performance gap, etc. The 5 SERVQUAL dimensions used for
assessing the service quality include Responsiveness, Assurance, Tangibles,
Empathy and Reliability (R-A-T-E-R).
Initially designed for
the use of service firms and retailers, the SERVQUAL model became widely
discussed when it comes to customer satisfaction and service quality. But it
takes a much more broader perspective of service rather than limiting it to a
simple customer service.
The unique
characteristics of services like intangibility and heterogeneity make it hard
for firms to assess the quality levels of their services when compared to
physical goods. With the development of the SERVQUAL model, firms got a
structured approach to assess the factors influencing consumer’s perception
about the quality of services being offered.
SERVQUAL method
involves conducting a sample survey of customers to understand their perceived
needs and requirements. These answers are marked based on the 5 dimensions. It
is then measured to conduct an assessment of the gap between the desired and
actual performance of the company. The company then focuses on its resources
wherever necessary in order to maximize the service quality while controlling
costs.
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